What does it mean? And why was it invented in the first place? Let's start with the definition of Data Structure, simply, it is a way of organizing and storing data. Using Data structure, computers can store, retrieve, and process a large amount of data which are stored at different addresses at the memory, processing that going further reduce the latency and the user is provided fast response. One other important reason of why data structure is so important; problems are solved with algorithms and those algorithms need suitable data structure to perform this algorithm in an efficient way. So we have several classes of data structure each one is suitable for a different case.
One Dimensional Arrays
A basic data structure that looks like several rooms behind each other, each one has a number (address in memory ) and its size is fixed.
It is a multidimensional simple array, can be 2 dimensions like Matrix , or can be 3 dimensions ( X , Y , Z).
It exists in most of the programming languages, it allows you to create an array with dynamic size grow and shrink depending on the data, It is used a lot in the coding process because it is simple and fast.
Linked list data structure provides better memory management than arrays; because linked list is an allocated memory at run time,so there would be no waste of memory. It's a collection of nodes that are connected by links. Each node contains the data and pointer (link) to the next node. The first node is usually referred to as the head node and the last node is referred to as the tail node. Play with linked list https://www.cs.usfca.edu/~galles/visualization/StackLL.html
The word describes itself , for example, you have a collection of books [ Book A , Book B and Book C ] on your table and we want to build a stack with them, so we take “Book B ” and put it above “Book A” and get “Book C” above “Book B” so if we want to take out “Book B” , first we should take out “Book C” and then “Book B”. Basically the last book in is the first one out , and from this point we get the definition of stack as first in last out “FILO”. A LIFO stack is a data structure which means last in first out, the last item to come in is the first one to go out. A stack can either be implemented using an array or a linked list .Play with Stack https://www.cs.usfca.edu/~galles/visualization/StackArray.html
Same concept as stack, the word queue is also derived from day to day activities. You have most likely seen a queue of people in a supermarket where the last one comes to stand at the end and the first one to finish. A FIFO stack data structure which elaborates to First In First Out. A queue is like stack, can either be implemented using arrays or linked list. Play with Queue https://www.cs.usfca.edu/~galles/visualization/QueueArray.html
Do you remember linked list consisting of nodes where each node contains data and is linked to the next link ? Trees are similar to linked lists but each node is connected to a left and right nodes, they have links between them.
It is a special kind of tree where the left node is always smaller than the parent node and the right node is always bigger than the parent node, in order to add/delete a node we have to compare the value with the root node if it is smaller than the parent go to left and so on, play with Binary Trees https://www.cs.usfca.edu/~galles/visualization/BST.html
Data Structure is fantastically invented to organise data in a safer way and with a shorter amount of time making your software more organized and a lot faster. So, Thank you Data Structure and whoever started it.
https://medium.com/swlh/introduction-to-data-structures-9134b7d064a6h
http://cs-fundamentals.com/data-structures/introduction-to-data-structures.php#linked-list-dsa
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